Tracy Hammond (2013) CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Bwindi Forest National Park, Uganda The IFC standards appear to provide adequate protection for human rights—for example, they specify that, in the context of land acquisition projects, project proponents should “avoid/minimize displacement,” “avoid forced eviction,” and “improve or restore livelihoods and standards of living.”275 They also require FPIC for indigenous peoples under specified circumstances.276 These substantive provisions are complemented by the procedural mechanisms noted above. Thus, the safeguards provided for the GCF appear to be sufficient for the protection and promotion of both procedural and substantive human rights, and should be adopted as permanent guidelines, ideally with additional provisions on internal monitoring and assessment. (d) Adaptation Fund The Adaptation Fund Board approved an Environmental and Social Policy in November 2013.277 The policy outlines a process for screening projects and programs based on their environmental and social impacts, and adopting measures to mitigate any adverse impacts. Specifically, the policy requires implementing entities to adopt measures to avoid or, where avoidance is impossible, minimize environmental and social risks, and monitor and report on the status of those measures during and at the end of implementation. It also outlines a set of social principles to guide the impact assessment process, which are more comprehensive than some of the other safeguard policies. Some notable aspects of these principles include: • 275 276 277 278 38 They explicitly require that all projects supported by the Fund “respect and where applicable promote human rights,”278 and furthermore, that all projects adhere to “core labour standards as identified IFC PS5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. IFC PS7: Indigenous Peoples. Adaptation Fund Board, Environmental and Social Policy (2013). Id. at p. 15. I M P L E M E N TAT I O N A S S E S S M E N T