Statement of Resource Person, Dylan Tanner 6 November 2018 and European utility RWE’s opposition to 2030 German coal phase out plans with regards to the country’s Coal Exit Commission.27 7. InfluenceMap research shows, therefore, that of the Carbon Majors covered under its system, most are actively lobbying in opposition to the development of climate motivated policy. These findings reflect recent academic research in this field. For example, Delmas et al.’s 2016 study demonstrates correlation between high carbon-emitting corporations and companies lobbying extensively on climate legislation.28 8. Based on the background outlined in sections (4) and (5) and using InfluenceMap analysis conducted from 2015-17, InfluenceMap introduced the concept of the Corporate Carbon Policy Footprint.29 This argues that a company’s impact on climate policy may be just as critical as its physical emissions (if not more so in many cases) in terms of global progress in addressing climate change.30 9. The methodology used three factors in combination to determine which companies are most influential in global climate policy progress. The first two factors are assessed by InfluenceMap’s system – a company’s Total Score (representing its stance on climate policy) and the Engagement Intensity (representing the level of lobbying it is conducting). The third is an external measure of the economic influence the company has.31 10. The results indicated that, while a large proportion of the world’s 250 largest companies have limited involvement in the climate policy debate (e.g. they are in sectors relatively unaffected directly by climate regulations, such as retail, finance, healthcare etc.), a relatively small group of 35 are responsible for the bulk of negative influencing. These companies include Carbon Majors in this Petition: Anglo American, BHP, BP, ConocoPhillips, ENI, ExxonMobil, HeidelbergCement, Occidental Petroleum, Royal Dutch Shell and Total. 11. Other studies have also pointed to the dominance of the fossil fuel value chain when it comes to corporate influencing on climate change motivated regulations. For example, Robert Brulle’s 2018 sectoral analysis of lobbying in the United States found that lobbying spending by fossil fuel value chain companies on climate legislation dwarfs that of environmental and renewable energy companies.32 27 RWE head Schmitz says German coal exit by 2030 is impossible, Clean Energy Wire, June 2018; RWE will seek damages if Germany shuts coal plants abruptly, Reuters, October 2018 28 Corporate environmental performance and lobbying, Academy of Management Discoveries 2(2):175–197, Delmas M, Lim J, Nairn-Birch N, 2016 29 Corporate Carbon Policy Footprint - the 50 Most Influential, InfluenceMap, September 2017 30 These Companies Are Most Influential in Climate Policy Debates, Bloomberg, Eric Roston, September 2017 31 External metric based on aggregation of company total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization. 32 The climate lobby: a sectoral analysis of lobbying spending on climate change in the USA, 2000 to 2016, Robert Brulle, pringer Nature B.V., 2018 8