Statement of Resource Person, Dylan Tanner 6 November 2018 way.46 Carbon Majors who hold or have held leadership positions in CEMBUREAU include Cemex, HeidlbergCement, Italcementi and LafargeHolcim. InfluenceMap’s detailed tracking of lobbying to water down the EU ETS, focused between 2012-2018, implicates various Carbon Major companies either directly or through their trade groups including: BP, Cemex, Eni, ExxonMobil, HeidelbergCement, Italcementi, LafargeHolcim, Lukoil, OMV, Repsol, Rio Tinto, Royal Dutch Shell and Total. b. The undermining of US climate policy and the successful halting of the US Clean Power Plan by corporate-led lawsuits, 2000-2018. In addition to the well documented efforts by powerful US fossil fuel companies to seed doubt around climate science 47 , the same interests have repeatedly and successfully challenged efforts to develop robust policy on greenhouse gas emissions in the country. As Robert Brulle points out in his 2018 analysis of US corporate climate lobbying, “Despite the introduction of several major bills to limit carbon emissions in the USA, none of them have been passed.48 ” Indeed, without timely interventions from fossil fuel interests on two early US policy developments, the country could have taken a very different – and perhaps transformative – role in global efforts to tackle climate change. This has been widely researched with some results noted. Documents obtained by freedom of information request in 200549, demonstrate how Exxon and the Global Climate Coalition heavily advised the Bush administration on climate policy between 2001-2004, during which time the US withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol and sought not to regulate GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act. • The extensive lobbying efforts from fossil fuel interests on the ‘capand trade’ regulation proposed in the 2009 Waxman-Markey Bill has been found by studies to be one of the primary reasons for its defeat50. • During the Obama Administration’s second term in 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency finalized a new, broad-ranging effort to tackle greenhouse gas emissions called the Clean Power Plan (henceforth referred to as the ‘Plan’). In this Plan, greenhouse gases 46 The EU ETS and the European Cement Industry: A decade of lobbying and distortion, InfluenceMap, February 2017 47 Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications, G Supran & N Oreskes, Environmental Research Letters, August, 2017 48 The climate lobby: a sectoral analysis of lobbying spending on climate change in the USA, 2000 to 2016, Robert Brulle, pringer Nature B.V. 2018, 49 Revealed: how oil giant influenced Bush, The Guardian, June 2005 50 Business actors, political resistance, and strategies for policymakers., Downie C ,2017, Energy Policy 108:583–592 12