2 to major carbon producers,”1 in the first public hearing of the case on March 27-28 at the Commission on Human Rights in Quezon City, Philippines. I agreed to be a witness and resource person for the petitioners and answer in writing questions to be asked of me. On 07 March 2018, the legal representatives for the petitioners, Attorneys Zelda Soriano and Hasminah Paudac, through their legal liaison, Ms. Anna Dominique Esmeralda, sent the questions which I personally answered. On 16 March 2018, I have discussed these answers to Attorneys Zelda Soriano and Hasminah Paudac via Skype. Also in attendance was Attorney Kristin Casper, Greenpeace’s international legal coordinator. I submit the following statement, along with my Curriculum Vitae, to the Commission on Human Rights which I commit to elaborate and clarify in the public hearing: Q1: Dr. Frumhoff, can you please walk us through the study “The rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature and sea level from emissions traced to major carbon producers”? A1: Policy, legal, and academic debates about responsibility for climate change have long focused on countries’ responsibility—the framework used for the international climate negotiations. However, attention is increasingly turning to the responsibilities of non-state actors, particularly the producers of fossil fuels. Scientific information can help inform societal assessment of their responsibilities for the climate damages resulting from the carbon emissions traced to the use of their products. Peer-reviewed research published by Richard Heede in 2014 in the scientific journal Climatic Change found that nearly two-thirds of all industrial carbon emissions starting from the industrial revolution onward through 2010 can be traced to just 90 carbon producers— primarily investor- and state-owned fossil fuel companies such as ExxonMobil, BP, Chevron, Royal Dutch Shell, Peabody Energy, Gazprom, and Saudi Aramco, as well as cement manufacturers (Heede 2014). But the question remained: how much of the change in climate that the world is now experiencing is due to these emissions traced to the products of specific companies? Can we measure, for example, their contributions to the rise in global surface temperature and sea level? In 2017 an international research team led by Dr. Brenda Ekwurzel, senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, published a peerreviewed study that provided a robust answer to that question. Other members of the research team include Dr. Myles Allen, a distinguished climate scientist at the University of Oxford, Richard Heede, author of the 2014 paper noted A copy of which was attached to petitioners’ Manifestation dated 06 December 2017 and marked as Exhibit “H” during the preliminary conference held on 11 December 2017. Also available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-017-1978-0, last accessed on 02 March 2018. 1