SECTION 12. Option to Secure Certificate of Title Under Commonwealth Act 141, as amended, or the
Land Registration Act 496. — Individual members of cultural communities, with respect to their individually
owned ancestral lands who, by themselves or through their predecessorsininterest, have been in
continuous possession and occupation of the same in the concept of owner since time immemorial or for a
period of not less than thirty (30) years immediately preceding the approval of this Act and uncontested by
the members of the same ICCs/IPs shall have the option to secure title to their ancestral lands under the
provisions of Commonwealth Act 141, as amended, or the Land Registration Act 496.
For this purpose, said individuallyowned ancestral lands, which are agricultural in character and actually
used for agricultural, residential, pasture, and tree farming purposes, including those with a slope of
eighteen percent (18%) or more, are hereby classified as alienable and disposable agricultural lands.
The option granted under this section shall be exercised within twenty (20) years from the approval of this
Act.
CHAPTER IV
Right to SelfGovernance and Empowerment
SECTION 13. SelfGovernance. — The State recognizes the inherent right of ICCs/IPs to self
governance and selfdetermination and respects the integrity of their values, practices and institutions.
Consequently, the State shall guarantee the right of ICCs/IPs to freely pursue their economic, social and
cultural development.
SECTION 14. Support for Autonomous Regions. — The State shall continue to strengthen and support
the autonomous regions created under the Constitution as they may require or need. The State shall
likewise encourage other ICCs/IPs not included or outside Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras to use the
form and content of their ways of life as may be compatible with the fundamental rights defined in the
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and other internationally recognized human rights.
SECTION 15. Justice System, Conflict Resolution Institutions, and Peace Building Processes. — The
ICCs/IPs shall have the right to use their own commonly accepted justice systems, conflict resolution
institutions, peace building processes or mechanisms and other customary laws and practices within their
respective communities and as may be compatible with the national legal system and with internationally
recognized human rights.
SECTION 16. Right to Participate in DecisionMaking. — ICCs/IPs have the right to participate fully, if
they so choose, at all levels of decisionmaking in matters which may affect their rights, lives and destinies
through procedures determined by them as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous political
structures. Consequently, the State shall ensure that the ICCs/IPs shall be given mandatory representation
in policymaking bodies and other local legislative councils.
SECTION 17. Right to Determine and Decide Priorities for Development. — The ICCs/IPs shall have
the right to determine and decide their own priorities for development affecting their lives, beliefs,
institutions, spiritual wellbeing, and the lands they own, occupy or use. They shall participate in the
formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies, plans and programs for national, regional and local
development which may directly affect them.