A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Medical Care
Sickness Benefits
Unemployment Benefits
Old Age Benefits
Employment Injury Benefits
Family and Child Support
Maternity Benefits
Disability Benefits
Survivor and Orphan Benefits
Convention 102 was recognized by the International Labour Conference in
201114 as a benchmark and reference in the gradual development of comprehensive
social security coverage at the national level.
The principle of equality and non-discrimination requires States to ensure
that social protection programs meet the standards of availability, accessibility,
adaptability, acceptability and adequacy for all rights holders. The Committee on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) has recommended these standards
through several UN General Comments including 13, 14 and 19. 15 These elements are
regarded as essential factors in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of the
State's Social Security programs.
Availability means that the implemented social security system established
by law, either publicly administered or under public supervision, be made available
whether through single or a variety of schemes. 16 It should also be fully sustainable,
including those concerning provisions of pension, 17 for the program to be fully
realized throughout several generations. The benefits must be enough to cover the
basic needs such as food, clothing and housing. Eligibility could be due to poverty,
lack of income because of unemployment, sickness, disability, pregnancy and old age.
14 PR No. 24 “Report of the Committee for the Recurrent Discussion on Social Protection” Available from
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_157820.pdf
15 Par 1. “Standards of Accessibility, Adaptability, and Acceptability” Available from http://socialprotectionhumanrights.org/framework/principles/standards-of-accessibility-adaptability-and-acceptability/ (3 June 2019)
16 Schemes could be Contributory or Non-contributory. Non-contributory schemes can take form of Targeted
or Universal schemes.
17 Par 11. “General Comment 19” from the United Nations Economic and Social Council
4