GENDER-BASED INDICATORS OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE
Table 5.2b
Female visible underemployment rate, by region, Philippines, 2012-2016
(in percent)
REGION
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Philippines
10.3
9.7
9.7
9.4
8.7
NCR
CAR
Ilocos Region
Cagayan Valley
Central Luzon
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA
Bicol Region
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Zamboanga Peninsula
Northern Mindanao
Davao Region
SOCCSKSARGEN
Caraga
ARMM
5.7
7.9
10.8
8.1
6.7
8.1
13.7
17.9
11.5
10.3
12.3
17.2
17.5
8.2
13.3
10.6
10.9
4.6
8.4
11.3
8.6
6.6
7.9
13.5
18.9
11.6
6.9
14.0
11.6
14.4
8.0
12.9
13.0
9.1
4.5
8.1
9.4
7.6
6.5
8.8
12.1
17.5
13.0
9.4
17.1
10.4
14.3
8.4
10.5
12.6
9.7
4.2
10.1
10.8
6.5
6.9
8.1
12.8
16.6
11.0
8.8
16.8
9.0
15.5
8.0
11.3
11.2
9.7
3.2
11.4
10.9
8.2
7.6
6.6
11.3
16.6
9.7
6.7
16.3
9.6
14.5
6.4
11.2
12.4
8.6
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
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Countrywide, the male agricultural workers comprised 33.2 percent of the
total male employment in 2016. In the same year, the females employed
in agriculture shared 17.3 percent of the total female employment. At the
regional level, ARMM had 71.2 percent of the region’s total male
employment who were working in agriculture. Likewise, the female
agricultural workers accounted for 48.7 percent of the region’s total
female employment. The shares of the male agricultural employment
were also biggest in Cagayan Valley at 56.7 percent and in Zamboanga
Peninsula at 51.4 percent. Higher proportions of employed females in the
agricultural sector were noted in CAR at 39.8 percent and Cagayan Valley
at 40.2 percent. NCR recorded the least proportions for both sexes at
0.7 percent for males and 0.1 percent for females. In CALABARZON and
Central Luzon, the proportions of male agricultural employment were also
lower at 13.7 percent and 20.4 percent, respectively. On the other hand,
the female agricultural workers shared 4.4 percent in CALABARZON and
6.2 percent in Central Luzon (Tables 6.2a and 6.2b).
Agricultural Wage Rates
Agricultural wage rate is an indicator of progress and welfare of
agricultural workers. It tracks the rate of payment received by workers on
the basis of some units of payment for services rendered in farm
operations. Sex-disaggregated information on wage rates indicates the
wage differential between male and female workers in agriculture.
At the national level, the daily nominal wage rate received by male
agricultural workers in 2016 amounted to P278.23. This was
P17.45 higher than was paid to female agricultural workers at P260.78. In
real terms, the agricultural wage rate of the males averaged
P193.22 per day while that of the females averaged P181.10. Wage
differential was P12.12 in favor of males.
PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY
5