Last updated: 08 June 2018 guarantees for public access to information) this indicator provides both a micro and macro-level snapshot of the state of the aforementioned fundamental freedoms in various contexts, as well as a link to the processes and structures required to meet human rights obligations with respect to those fundamental freedoms. 4.b. Comment and limitations (REC_USE_LIM) As for other crime statistics and other statistics based on administrative sources, this indicator is sensitive to the completeness of reporting of individual events. There is a real but manageable risk of underreporting. Moreover, reporting rates and statistical accuracy are influenced by various factors, including changes and biases in victim reporting behaviour, changes in police and recording practices or rules, new laws, processing errors and non-responsive institutions. Regional and global aggregates may underestimate the true incidence and volume of victimization, overcompensate for robust and inclusive national data collection systems . In most instances, the number of cases reported will depend on the access to information, motivation and perseverance of national stakeholders, of human rights defenders themselves, and the corresponding support of the international community. 4.c. Method of computation (DATA_COMP) The indicator is calculated as the total count of victims of reported incidents occurring within the preceding 12 months. Drawing on the ICCS, which is an incidents-based international classification system, the indicator counts victims on the basis of cases of violations or abuses using a classification framework developed for the purposes of the indicator. For reporting purposes, the recorded offences will be ordered taking into account a hierarchy of violations or abuses drawing on the “most serious offence” rule commonly applied in crime statistics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Killing Torture Enforced disappearance Arbitrary detention Kidnapping Other harmful acts If an incident incorporates elements of more than one category, it is coded to the higher category. Thus for an incident in which the victim was subjected to prolonged incommunicado detention without medical access in the course of an unlawful detainment, the violation would be counted under torture. 4.d. Validation (DATA_VALIDATION) 4.e. Adjustments (ADJUSTMENT)