A recent research endeavour, undertaken by Mr. Richard Heede of the Climate Accountability Institute, quantified and traced “for the first time the lion’s share of cumulative global CO2 and methane emissions since the industrial revolution began to the largest multinational and state-owned producers of crude oil, natural gas, coal and cement.”7 These producers are collectively known as the ‘Carbon Majors,’ and the same term shall be used in this Petition. The investor-owned, i.e., publicly traded, Carbon Majors, some of which have operations or a presence in, or a substantial connection to the Philippines, are listed in Table 1. This research has undergone an update since then, with a summary of these results now included below in Table 2. Table 1: Investor-owned Carbon Majors8 1751-2010 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7 R. Heede, Carbon Majors: Accounting for Carbon and Methane Emissions 1854-2010, Methods and Results Report (Apr. 7, 2014), http://climateaccountability.org/pdf/MRR%209.1%20Apr14R.pdf, at 5 (last accessed on June 15, 2015) at 5 [hereinafter Methods and Results Report]. Note that there are other reports concerning corporate GHG emissions. See J. Moorhead & T. Nixon, Global 500 Greenhouse Gases Performance 2010-2013: 2014 Report on Trends (Dec. 2014), http://www.bsdconsulting.com/bsdfiles/news-downloadable-pdfs/global-500-greenhouse-gases-performance-trends-2010-2013.pdf (last accessed on June 15, 2015). 8 Methods and Results Report, supra note 7, at 29. ! ! ! ! ! 3 !