A/HRC/19/41 Contents Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–4 3 II. Applicable international standards and obligations ................................................. 5–19 4 A. Universality, equality and non-discrimination ................................................ 5–7 4 B. State obligations under international human rights law .................................. 8–19 5 Violence ................................................................................................................ 20–39 8 A. Killings, rape and other acts of discriminatory violence ................................. 20–33 8 B. Torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment ............. 34–37 12 C. Right of asylum for those persecuted because of sexual orientation or ......... gender identity ................................................................................................ 38–39 13 Discriminatory laws ................................................................................................ 40–47 13 Laws criminalizing same-sex sexual relations between consenting adults and other laws used to penalize individuals because of sexual orientation or gender identity ............................................................................................ 40–44 13 B. Death penalty ................................................................................................. 45–46 15 C. Arbitrary arrest and detention ......................................................................... 47 15 Discriminatory practices ........................................................................................ 48–73 16 A. Discrimination in employment ....................................................................... 51–53 16 B. Discrimination in health care .......................................................................... 54–57 17 C. Discrimination in education ........................................................................... 58–61 18 D. Restrictions on freedom of expression, association and assembly .................. 62–65 20 E. Discriminatory practices in the family and community .................................. 66–67 21 F. Denial of recognition of relationships and related access to State and other benefits ........................................................................................... 68–70 22 G. Gender recognition and related issues ............................................................ 71–73 22 VI. Emerging responses ................................................................................................ 74–80 23 VII. Conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 81–85 24 III. IV. A. V. 2 Paragraphs

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